The origin cause of its birth finds the Spreewald in the ice age. Rock deposits in the form of ground moraines (under the ice) and terminal moraines (on the ice margin) formed the landscape.
Between this the snow waters of the ice age glaciers streamed for at least one thousand years. In the Baruther glacial valley filled alluvial sand they branched to this himself and Delta formed the basis for the Oberspreewald so. Many small rises formed on the margins of these alluvial sand areas; Which also buys sand islands be called.
On these scattered sand islands scattered settlements arose in the 17th century, the best known one is Burg Kauper. The Oberspreewald extends between the places Lübben, Straupitz and Vetschau in the south today.
The boarder to the Unterspreewald forms the valley narrowing at Lübben. It already lies in the return pipe of the Baruth glacial valley. The Spree is networkedly also here. The Unterspreewald extends between the places Schlepzig, Krausnick, alto Schadow and Groß Leuthen.
The main source of the Spree lies in Neugersdorf, a small town in the Lausitzer hilly scenery, near the border to Czechia. It passes through the heath and pond landscape between Bautzen and Spremberg, flows through Cottbus and Lübben and leads on over Beeskow and Fürstenwalde to Berlin.
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